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| 1 minute read

Volatility Awaits: Bonds at the top of the cycle - but what happens next?

Though nearly all commentators seem to be agreed that the current credit market is nearing the top of its cycle, there is no real consensus as to what happens next.  Restricting quantitative easing on both sides of the Atlantic has created unknowns, since QE in itself placed the market in uncharted waters.  

With some historically quirky macro factors at play around the globe, such as a combination of low unemployment, productivity and low inflation, predicting if or when an inflection point will be reached is leading to some quite topical analysis - none more so than Paul Schmelzing of the Bank of England's recent report, 'Eight centuries of the risk-free rate: bond market reversals from the Venetians to the VaR shock' - which draws data from over 800 years to show similarities and discrepancies with the current environment.

Two points in the report might especially resonate with institutional investors:  Firstly, the potential impact of forced selling by the very same buyers who purchase bonds to protect themselves as yields rise, such as insurance companies or pension schemes; secondly, a question mark over the contemporary banking industry's ability to provide liquidity to the market in times of stress - due to the impact of prudential regulation.  The author points out that these new market parameters coincide with similar wage/inflation numbers in the US to those experienced ahead of the 1967-70 bond market reversal, a time when investors also held a long term view of low rates and inflation.  As saying goes, those that ignore history...

This paper presents new data for the annual risk-free rate in both nominal and real terms going back to the 13th century. On this basis, we establish for the first time a long-term comparative investigation of ‘bond bull markets’. It is shown that the global risk-free rate in July 2016 reached its lowest nominal level ever. The current bond bull market in US Treasuries which originated in 1981 is currently the third longest on record, and the second most intense. The second part presents three case studies for the 20th century, to typify modern bond market reversals. It is found that fundamental, inflation-led bond market reversals have inflicted the longest and most intense losses upon investors, as exemplified by the 1960s market in US Treasuries. However, central bank (mis-) communication has played a key role in the 1994 ‘Bond massacre’...

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